Disadvantages Cell Phones - 1079 Words

Over the years, technological advances have afforded all of us great opportunities and have granted us access to certain things that we otherwise wouldnt have had. One of the most popular forms of technology that is used worldwide is the use of cell phones. Although they are very useful, the creation and development of cell phones have been both a gift and a curse. Having a cell phone in class can be beneficial for the student when it comes to urgent communicating. Cell phones provide a swift way to reach out to a person if a problem occurred in someones family. However, the downside of having a cell phone in class is that it causes many distractions for the student, classmates, and the teacher. The usage of cell phones is creating a†¦show more content†¦Cell phones are also a big distraction to your instructor, classmates, and yourself. If you are in class and your instructor is teaching the material to the class that is needed for an exam, you can miss out on what is being taught because you are so busy texting. Surfing the internet and browsing through your social media can also be a distraction during class. At some time of the day, we tend to get bored and only way to connect to the outside world is through social media. While sitting in class waiting for class to start we get on Facebook, Snapchat, or Instagram a lot to pass time. Most people have become so addicted to social media, we are so worried about what our friends and family are doing which causes you to miss study material. Another way your cell phone can be a distraction is from making noises in class and interrupting the teacher from teaching. If the class was taking a test and your phone is going off from text messaging and phone calls it can intervene with students around you taking the test. In result, this can lead to your teacher failing you as well. During the testing time, we all know that sometimes a test can get very hard. All of us want to pass but sometimes we dont always d o what it takes to be prepared for a test. Being able to have easy access to your cell phone in class makes it easy to cheat on a test. Just knowing that you can cheat with your cell phone in class will make you more susceptible to cheating. According to Kevin M.Show MoreRelatedDisadvantages Of Cell Phones749 Words   |  3 PagesCell Phones are Great Tools Introduction In this modern age, cell phones are at everyone’s fingertips. Connecting with people just a tap away. Cell phones contain so many features that make these devices excellent tools for performing simple tasks of daily living. Education First, cell phones are great tools to use at school for educational purposes. Most kids in school own a cell phone. So, teachers can have the students use their phones instead of transporting classes to the computerRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Cell Phone Usage1772 Words   |  8 PagesAdvantages vs Disadvantages to Cell phone Usage Over one hundred ten million Americans own a cell phone now a day’s, according to a study done by a company called Cellular Telecommunications Industry Association (CTIA). With the typical of forty-six thousand new subscribers every day, CTIA expert’s estimated that in the year 2005 there were over 1.25 billion cell phone users worldwide. This is the question that I am asking. Why are cell phones considered by many as an essential part of their modernRead MoreAdvantages And Disadvantages Of Cell Phones In School970 Words   |  4 PagesShould cell phones or mobile devices be allowed during school hours or through out different classes. Cell phones are not good for students or for teacher to have to deal with while they are trying to do their job and teach. Most kids should be able to go each day without their phones till they get home from school and are allowed then to get on their phones. Most kids do not even have phones to take to school or to look forward to getting on when they get home from school. Schools all over the worldRead MoreCell Phones in the Classroom: Policy, Advantages, Disadvantages 2007 Words   |  9 PagesIntroduction Electronic devices, particularly cellular phones have become a mainstay in our society. Cell phones and other forms of hand-held digital technology have made their way into the classroom and has become a common accessory among high school and middle school students. By the time a student is in middle school, it is likely that they already own a cell phone and carry it with them wherever they go (Lucking, Edwin Mervyn, 2010). As the technological capabilities ofRead MoreCam with Cell Phone Advantage and Disadvantage1443 Words   |  6 Pagesconvey the spontaneity and reach afforded by the wireless worlds latest craze, the camera phone. But what Mr. Burke saw was the peril. If Im in a locker room changing clothes, he said, there shouldnt be some pervert taking photos of me that could wind up on the Internet. Accordingly, as early as Dec. 17, the Chicago City Council is to vote on a proposal by Mr. Burke to ban the use of camera phones in public bathrooms, locker rooms and showers. There will be no provision to protectRead MoreThe Advantages And Disadvantages Of Cell Phone And Social Media In Healthcare1107 Words   |  5 PagesHIPAA. Understanding the proper usage of cellphones and social media wisely as well as protecting your patient’s privacy. This paper will describe the possible scenario chosen and recommendations. This paper will also discuss the advantages and disadvantages of using cellphones and social media in healthcare setting. Scenario in relation to HIPAA, legal, and other regulatory requirements Cellphone use and social media use can easily lead to HIPAA violation. As an employee working in the hospitalRead MoreTeachers Day Celabration Report1177 Words   |  5 Pages- Ability to make phone calls while away from a land-line phone.   - It can be used as a mp3 player, instead of carrying around your mobile and your iPod or what ever type of music thing you have.   Disadvantages:   What are the use and abuse of mobile phone - Having to answer inconvenient phone calls, i.e., from your boss.   - You can loose signal in different places depending on how close you are to signal things.    Answer There are so many advantages of mobile phone on the human lifeRead MoreAffordable Mobile Phones816 Words   |  4 PagesAdvantages of Mobile Phones While advantages of mobile phones are self evident, their disadvantages also need to be given some thought. Here is some information about cell phone usage merits and demerits. There are various advantages of mobile phones. The growth of cell phone usage has increased drastically since the last decade, and it is estimated that mobile phones will cross 5 billion in 2010. With their number increasing at a tremendous rate and with the threat of cell phone addiction , thereRead MoreAdvantages Of Giving Phones For Children1285 Words   |  6 Pages Advantages of Giving Phones to Children In this essay, I would like to point out the benefits of letting a child have a cell phone when he/she is in elementary and in high school. Advantages to giving your child a phone would be for emergencies, parental contact, and academic help. There are also many disadvantages to letting kids have a cell phone and I would like to point out a few. They are a distraction in school, they can cheat in test and other assignments in school andRead MoreEssay about Advantages and Disadvantages of Text Messaging.637 Words   |  3 PagesToday, cell phones are a major part of our life. It has made things much more convenient by enabling us to communicate with others in a small amount of time. One of the most used functions on the cell phone is not the phone, but the instant text messaging. Who wouldnt love such a quick, easy method of communication? Just flip open your cell phone, type in a quick â€Å"meet me @ 2 plz† and press send. Text messaging is an easy and discrete way of com municating with others, but it has its disadvantages

INTERACTION OF A HEARING IMPAIRED CHILD WITH HER IMMEDIATE...

CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Structure and Rationale of the Study To communicate is to satisfy man’s individual need for social, emotional, and human development. Communication is considered a basic human need for people cannot not communicate. We all need to communicate to develop our full potentials. These potentialities, however, are being held up in the case of the hearing-impaired people. They are not able to develop their full potentials for their faculty of understanding is also impaired. They have the special need of having other means of communicating. They are in need of a medium that would help them express and communicate what is on their minds. Concisely, they need to engage in communication activities that would†¦show more content†¦People’s beliefs and actions are largely influenced by the society. Hence, the hearing-impaired might have the same meanings as ours for we are all part of the same society. However, because of the discrepancies on communication patterns and social interactions, there might be some differences on what we see as meaningful to what they perceive as meaningful. Hence, the way they perceive and learn symbols and their corresponding meanings may be different from or similar to us. Their patterns of communication and realities mi ght be different from ours as well. Thus, the need to interpret the actions and beliefs of a person from the group of hearing-impaired would help us somehow understand their group in general and the effects of their impairment to shared meanings. By interpreting the overt behaviors and actions of a deaf, explanation of other underlying concepts on meaning-making process and sign system formation (Denzin, Lincoln, 1994) can be provided. However, this study sought not to generalize the phenomena of the hearing-impaired population but to make the reader understand the phenomena as seen and described by the researcher – me. Symbolic interactionism is the lens of the study for better portrayal and understanding of the meaning-making process. Symbolic interaction is perceived as the communication theory of human behavior (Faules and Alexander, 1978) as it highlights the significanceShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesCulture Creates Climate 516 †¢ Culture as a Liability 517 Creating and Sustaining Culture 519 How a Culture Begins 519 †¢ Keeping a Culture Alive 519 †¢ Summary: How Cultures Form 523 How Employees Learn Culture 523 Stories 523 †¢ Rituals 524 †¢ Material Symbols 524 †¢ Language 524 Creating an Ethical Organizational Culture 525 Creating a Positive Organizational Culture 527 Spirituality and Organizational Culture 529 What Is Spirituality? 529 †¢ Why Spirituality Now? 530 †¢ Characteristics of a Spiritual Organization

Tropical Cyclone free essay sample

Capacity Development and Training 14. Awareness and Education 15. Contingency Plans 1 What is cyclone Millions of people living in the coastal areas of the west Atlantic, east and south Pacific and north and south Indian Oceans, regularly face the hazards of cyclone, also known as hurricane in the Western Hemisphere, typhoon in the western Pacific, willy willy near Australia and baguious in the Philippines. Every cyclone begins as tropical low-pressure depressions, created by oceanic temperature rising above 26 degrees Celsius, which rotates clockwise in the Southern Hemisphere and counterclockwise in the Northern Hemisphere, forming a gigantic and highly volatile atmospheric system with an eye at the vortex (10 to 50 Km) which is a relatively calm area, an eye wall (10 to 15 km in height and 50 km in length) of gale winds and intense clouds and spiral bands of convective clouds with torrential rains (a few km wide and hundreds of km long) that move above 34 knots (64 km per hour). The cyclones moving more than 90 km, 120 km and 225 km per hour respectively have been classified as severe, very severe and super cyclones. The hurricanes in the Atlantic and Northeast Pacific basins are classified in Categories I to V as per Saffir-Simpson Intensity Scale1. More often the cyclone blows over and dissipates by its own momentum without causing much damage due to reduction of moisture and increase in surface friction, but sometimes it landfalls on the coastal settlements with very high velocity of wind, torrential rain and massive storm surges, resulting in devastating damages to life and property. Killer Cyclones There are records of many killer cyclones that consumed tens of thousands of human lives, such as the Kyushu typhoon of Japan (1281) that killed more than 100,000 people, the Canton typhoon of China (1862) that took 37,000 lives, the Midnapore (1864) and the Backergunj (1876) cyclone of Bengal that claimed 75,000 and 200,000 lives respectively and the Galveston hurricane of Texas (1900) that left 12,000 dead 2. Cyclones no longer kill such enormous numbers anymore in most of the countries due to various mitigation and preparatory measures; still people die in thousands at many places. The cyclones that killed more than 1000 lives since 1950 are listed below: Table – I: Cyclones that Killed more than 1000 persons since 19503 Basin North Indian Ocean Cyclone Cyclone Cyclone Cyclone Cyclone Cyclone Bhola Cyclone Cyclone Gorky Cyclone Cyclone Year 1963 1965 1965 1965 1970 1985 1991 1971 1977 Countries East Pakistan East Pakistan East Pakistan Karachi, Pakistan East Pakistan Bangladesh Bangladesh Orissa, India Andhra, India Deaths 22,000 17,000 30,000 10,000 300,000 10,000 131,000 10,000 20,000 2 Cyclone Cyclone Cyclone West Hurricane Flora Atlantic Hurricane Inez Hurricane Fifi Hurricane David Hurricane Mitch Hurricane Katrina East and South Typhoon Iris Pacific Typhoon Sarah Typhoon Vera Baguious Thelma 1996 1998 1999 1963 1966 1974 1969 1998 2005 1955 1959 1959 1991 Andhra, India Gujarat, India Orissa, India Cuba, Haiti Caribbean, Mexico Central America Central America Central America New Orleans, USA Fujian, China Japan, South Korea Japan Philippines 1,000 1,000 9,500 8,000 2,000 5,000 2,608 11,000 1,836 2,334 2,000 4,466 3,000 It would be seen that out of a total 602,908 deaths due to these 22 killer cyclones since 1950, North Indian Ocean accounted for 551,500 (93%), Bay of Bengal 540,500 (89. 6%) and Bangladesh (erstwhile East Pakistan) 500,000 (83%). Most of these unfortunate deaths could have been prevented if basic and elementary measures for cyclone mitigation and preparedness were in place in these countries. Analysis of the intensity of cyclones and the deaths and damages caused by them indicate very diverse co-relationship according to the level of economic and social development of the countries and the state of preparedness of the communities. The deadliest of all cyclones in recorded history – the cyclone Bhola of 1970 in East Pakistan – was classified only as Category III (maximum wind speed 205 km, lowest pressure 966 hPa and storm surge 4 m) 4 but it killed three hundred thousand people while the economic loss was estimated at only US$ 86. 4 million. Contrarily hurricane Katrina of August 2005 in New Orleans was classified as Category IV (maximum wind speed 280 km, lowest pressure 902 hPa and storm surge 6 m) 5 but the casualties, despite the terrible mismanagement of the crisis, was limited to 1836, while the economic loss mounted to US$ 81.2 billion. Hurricane Mitch of 1998 in Central America, on the contrary, was classified Category V (maximum wind speed 285 km, lowest pressure 905 hPa and storm surge 8 m) 6 that killed 11,000 people and damaged assets worth US$ 4 billion. The lessons that can be drawn from these three catastrophic cyclonic in three representative poor, rich and middle income countries are that the more developed the countries the less casualties would take place but more economic losses are likely to be sustained.  Conversely in poor countries the human losses would be more but economic losses would be less simply because the unit costs of damages are assessed lower in developing countries. In the middle income countries the damages to life and property would be somewhere in between. The poor countries can however make a big difference if the governments invest to mitigate the effects of cyclone in a cost effective manner and the communities prepare to face the cyclones in a participatory and sustainable manner. Cyclone Risk Mitigation and Preparedness Framework Based on the lessons learnt from the cyclones around the world and the advances made in various related sciences and disciplines on the subject a cyclone risk mitigation and preparedness framework can be presented in the shape of the following diagram: 3 CYCLONE RISK MITIGATION FRAMEWORK Cyclone Hazard, Risk and Vulnerability Mapping, Assessment, Analysis Monitoring Participatory Risk Assessment Remote Sensing Geo Information Risk Modeling Total Risk = Mitigable Risk + Acceptable Risk Risk mitigation Structural Sea Wall Embankment Bio-Shield Cyclone Shelter Early Warning communication Cyclone resistant housing and infrastructure Development/ enforcement of Techno-legal Regime Risk transfer/ risk financing Non Structural Awareness Education Early warning Dissemination Community Based Disaster Preparedness Evacuation Plan Emergency Health Management Plan Training Mock Drills Preparedness Contingency Plan at all levels and sectors Risk Mapping, Assessment and Analysis The first and probably the most complex task of cyclone mitigation is to map the hazard, risks and vulnerabilities of cyclone at all levels, analyze and assess the levels of risks and monitor it continuously. It is only on the basis of such a knowledge base that a proper and effective strategy for cyclone risk mitigation and preparedness can be developed. Atmospheric and remote sensing sciences have made a huge progress in the understanding of the phenomenon of cyclones. Satellite images can spot the development of low pressure zones, doppler radars can track them down and instrumented aircrafts can reach the cyclone eye, eye walls and spiral bands to transmit data on wind velocity, pressure and moisture contents of the low pressure zones. Powerful software tools are available to analyze the data to make fairly accurate forecasts on the intensity, direction and location of the landfall and the likely areas to be affected by winds, rain and storm surges. The time series data on cyclones have been utilized to map and zone the areas prone to the hazards of cyclone. Such maps are now available at a regional, district and even subdistrict levels in most of the countries. Such maps are also available in digital formats which enable integration of various spatial data with socio-economic, housing, infrastructure and other variables that can provide a quick assessment of the risks and vulnerabilities of cyclones based on which appropriate mitigation and preparedness strategies can be developed. But actual work on such data integration has been limited to a few areas only and therefore vulnerability analysis has still to be done on the basis of ground level data collection and analysis, which is yet a largely unattended task in most of the countries. 4 The satellite imageries are also supplemented with data regarding topography, vegetation, hydrology, land use- land cover, settlement pattern etc to develop numerical models of storm surge and the inundation levels based on which timely warnings can be issued and realistic evacuation plans can be drawn up to shift the people and cattle likely to be affected by the cyclone. However such theoretical advances on cyclone modeling have been confronted with constraints in practical applications which would require more sustained research for accurate forecasting and simpler application format that would enable transfer of the technology to the planners and emergency response managers. The constraints are further compounded by non-availability of accurate ground level data base and the costs involved in up-scaling such models from a pilot research phase to country wide application phase. Such works are still in progress even in advanced countries and therefore developing countries may not have the benefit of such accurate modeling in the very near future although this is well within the realm of possibility. This only highlights the relevance and importance of community based Participatory Risk Assessment (PRA). Many such PRA tools have been developed in coastal areas which capture the intimate knowledge and perception that a community has about its own risks and vulnerabilities. Such perceptions have often been validated by scientific analysis, lending credence to the reliability, simplicity and cost effectiveness of such assessment. More importantly, it involves the communities in the entire process making it democratic, sustainable and proactive and definitely facilitates bridging the gap between assessment and preparedness or knowledge and action. Historically the coastal communities have faced the furies of nature and have inherited an intuitive and holistic knowledge of the way the nature behaves and the impact it has on animals, plants and human lives and livelihood. Accordingly communities have learnt to develop indigenous coping mechanisms for survival, which were internalized as life style activities and transmitted from one generation to another. Many isolated communities in the coasts have survived through this process. Unfortunately the process of so-called modernization and globalization are resulting in changes in the life style of the coastal communities and many of the traditional wisdoms and practices are fast dying out. There is a need to document these practices, assess their relevance and adapt them according to the changing conditions. Therefore the ideal tool for assessment of cyclone risks and vulnerabilities at the local level should be a combination of scientific and traditional knowledge, each supplementing the other in a manner that science corrects those superstitions and dogmas of traditional knowledge that are not substantiated and traditional knowledge enriches scientific truths with those time tested experiments and experience of centuries that can not be simulated. Such ideal solutions are not very common, but the two complementary processes – increasing spread of scientific education on the one hand and growing respect of traditional and indigenous knowledge on the other – are creating awareness of such solutions, highlighting need for increased collaboration among the physical and social scientists for cyclone risk assessment and analysis at the local level. Total and Acceptable Risk Any strategy for cyclone risk mitigation or for that matter mitigation of any disaster risk would depend on correct estimation of total and acceptable risks. The concept of ‘total risk’ connotes the sum total of all probable harmful consequences or expected losses from a disaster such as deaths, injuries, damages to movable or immovable property, livelihoods, infrastructure, disruption of economic activities or environment damages. It may not always be easy to project such damages, such as environmental or psycho-social damages would be difficult to be quantified, but based on correct risk assessment of disasters it should be 5 possible to construct different scenarios of total risks according to the intensity, location or time of disasters. Once realistic assessment of total risks are available, the countries and communities should make strategic decisions on how much of these risks can be prevented outright, how much can be mitigated and to what extent by the various agencies. The residual risks that can neither be prevented nor mitigated in a cost effective manner in the given social, economic, political, cultural, technical or environmental conditions can be regarded as ‘acceptable risks’. Therefore the level of ‘acceptable risk’ would vary from place to place and also from time to time. Once the level of ‘acceptable risk’ is decided countries and communities must be prepared to face these risks so that the damages to life, livelihood and property from these risks can be reduced to their minimum. Ideally the level of preparedness should be equal to the level of ‘acceptable risk’. Excess preparedness in any sector or level would be wasteful which should better be avoided. Similarly deficit in preparedness would be taking a chance with risks that may cause avoidable damages. Structural and Non Structural Mitigation Given the nature of the cyclonic hazards, it shall not be possible to prevent the risks of cyclone however advanced the country may be socially or economically, as has been well demonstrated during the aftermath of hurricane Katrina in the USA. On the contrary there are indications that the hazards of cyclone would increase due to the effects of global warming and the resultant climate changes. As the ocean surface temperature rises probability of atmospheric depressions on tropical seas would increase. Similarly as the glacial melts raises the level of ocean the impact of storm surges would be more severe and many sea wall or embankment modeling done in the past may undergo revisions necessitating redefinition of the design parameters of such constructions. In the face of increasing menace of cyclonic hazards, mitigation would remain the key and the most effective strategy to reduce the risks of cyclone. Every country and community has to decide its own mitigation strategy according to its own risks, resources and capabilities. Broadly such strategies would be two fold: structural and non-structural. Structural mitigation measures generally refer to capital investment on physical constructions or other development works, which include engineering measures and construction of hazardresistant and protective structures and other protective infrastructure. Non-structural measures refer to awareness and education, policies techno-legal systems and practices, training, capacity development etc. Sea Wall and Embankments Among the structural mitigation measures sea walls and saline water embankments are probably the most effective and capital intensive investment to mitigate the risks of cyclones. A seawall is a coastal defense constructed usually of reinforced concrete on the inland part of a coast to prevent the ingress of storm surges arising out of cyclones. Sometimes the sea wall is constructed with a multiple purpose of reclaiming low lying land or preventing coastal erosion. The height of sea walls is determined according to the maximum observed height of storm surges which may be as high as 10 meters. Therefore sea walls are usually massive structures which can be built only with a heavy investment. Maintenance of such structures further requires recurrent expenditure. Hence sea walls along the entire coast are never a practicable solution to prevent or mitigate storm surges, but such walls are recommended when valuable assets like a city or a harbor is to be protected. Sea walls can be vertical, sloping or curved. Modern concrete sea walls tend to be curved to deflect the wave energy back out to sea, reducing the force. There are instances of many sea walls which were constructed after devastating cyclones and which successfully prevented such disasters. The most important is the 12 Km long and 17 ft high seawall 6  constructed in Texas after the Galveston Hurricane of 1900 which killed 8000 people. The seawall has never been overtopped by a storm surge from a hurricane, although maintenance of the wall has been beset with various engineering problems. The Gold Coast seawall in Australia was laid along the urban sections of the Gold Coast coastline following 11 cyclones in 1967. The massive stone seawall in Pondicherry constructed and maintained by the French engineers kept the historic city center dry even though tsunami waves of December 2004 had driven water 24 feet above the normal hightide mark. Similarly 3. 5 meter high sea wall in Maldives saved the city of Male from the tsunami. Such success stories are available from many coastal cities. There are also instances where absence of such protective structures near the beaches and resorts and breaches in sea walls near the cities and towns resulted in severe damages to life and property. If sea walls are essential to protect coastal cities and harbors, saline water embankments are recommended to protect rural settlements and to prevent saline water ingress into agricultural and horticultural land. Such embankments are usually a ridge built with earth or rock to contain the storm surges. Cost benefit calculations usually do not permit very high specifications for such constructions and therefore effectiveness of such embankments in preventing or mitigating the impacts of cyclones have been rather limited. Further, saline embankments have the potential to kill the mangroves due to chocking of saline water. Therefore such embankments should be constructed in limited areas where vegetative protection would not be adequate to prevent the ingress of saline water into habitations. Bio-Shields Bio shields usually consist of mangroves, casuarinas salicornia, laucaena, atriplex, palms, bamboo and other tree species and halophytes and other shrub species that inhabit lower tidal zones. These can block or buffer wave action with their stems, which can measure upto 30 meter high and several meters in circumference. They trap sediment in their roots, thereby maintain a shallow slope on the seabed that absorbs the energy of tidal surges. They also break the high velocity of winds and thus protect agricultural crops and shelters besides providing shelter and grazing lands for the livestock and farms. They reduce evaporation from the soil, transpiration from the plants and moderate extreme temperatures. They protect fertile coastal agricultural land from erosion. They also serve as carbon sinks as they help enhance carbon sequestration which makes coastal communities eligible for carbon credit to earn additional income. Besides they promote sustainable fisheries by releasing nutrients in the water. Unfortunately the multiple and long term environmental protection and economic functions of the bio-shields have not been adequately appreciated until very recently. Unabated anthropogenic pressures of coastal settlements and unchecked commercial exploitation of coastal resources have resulted in denudation of such natural buffers exposing large areas to the vagaries of cyclonic storms. In the Indian state of Orissa, where the low-lying coastline has been stripped of mangroves to make way for shrimp farms, the super cyclone of 1999 left more than 10,000 people dead and around 7. 5 million homeless. Although the cyclone affected over 250 km of Orissa’s coastline, it was only the highly denuded area of 100 km through which water surged. Other areas with intact mangrove forests were largely unaffected. Again 7 the Indian Ocean tsunami of 2004 impacted those areas more severely where the bioshields buffer were either not available or depleted considerably. In such areas tsunami waves made deep ingress into land, ruined crops, drowned livestock and poisoned arable land and water supplies with salt. Mangroves and other coastal habitats, where still in existence, met the tsunami head on. For instance, the Pichavaram mangrove forest, a tourist attraction in Cuddalore district, protected about 6,000 people living in six hamlets located between 100 meters and one kilometer from the mangroves. Seawater did not enter the village and hence there was no loss of property. Therefore systematic regeneration of the bio-shields in the coastal belts wherever feasible is the most natural and cost effective method of protecting these areas from storm surges and erosion. This is not an easy task which can be achieved instantly since there is a time cycle for such plantations to grow and survive against fresh pressures of winds and waves. Therefore serious efforts are required in designing such bio-shields, selecting the appropriate fast growing species suitable to the agro-climatic zones and involving the coastal communities in the maintenance and protection of such buffer zone of plantations. Cyclone Shelter A large number of people in the coastal areas live in thatched houses which cannot withstand the high velocity of wind and storm surges resulting in extensive damages of such houses and deaths and injuries of a large number of poor people. The high rates of casualties in cyclones in Bangladesh and India are primarily due to unsafe buildings in the coastal areas. The poor economic conditions of the people may not permit them to rebuild their houses as per the cyclone resistant designs and specifications. Therefore, community cyclone shelters constructed at appropriate places within the easy access of the habitations of the vulnerable communities can provide an immediate protection from deaths and injuries due to the collapse of houses. Such shelters are usually built on pillars above the danger level of storm surges/inundation, are specious enough to accommodate a few hundred people of the neighboring hamlets and provide provisions of drinking water, sanitation, kitchen, etc. During the normal season such shelters can be utilized as schools, dispensaries or other community purposes. A large number of such cyclone shelters were built in the coastal areas of Bangladesh and eastern and south India, which provided immediate shelters to the vulnerable communities. Drastic reduction in the number of deaths and injuries in the cyclones during the past 5-6 years can be partly attributed to these shelters. Therefore, the governments have placed a very high priority on the construction of such shelters in areas which have hitherto not been covered. Cyclone Resistant Housing Infrastructure Super cyclones with wind velocity of 250 km per hour and above have caused damages to even engineered structures at many places around the world. This was largely due to the absence of appropriate design criteria for construction of buildings and infrastructure which can withstand the pressures of such strong winds. Bureau of Standards of various countries have developed revised design norms which are followed for new constructions. However, the compliance standards of such norms have not been very effective largely due to inadequacies of properly trained engineers 8 and masons who can supervise and raise such constructions. The problem is further compounded by a week and ineffective system of enforcement of the guidelines. The problem is even more complex for the large number of existing structures that have already been constructed without adherence to the revised norms. Such buildings can only be retrofitted with an additional cost which the house owners find reluctant to invest. Various advanced countries have passed legislations which has made retrofitting mandatory. In the developing countries the focus is confined more to strengthening the lifeline buildings which would play a critical role during emergency operations such as hospitals, emergency operation centers, police control rooms etc, leaving other unsafe structures and habitations as ‘acceptable risks’, for which adequate preparedness measures should be developed. Early Warning and Communication Early warning of cyclones and its dissemination to the coastal habitations is an important preparatory measure to reduce the losses of life and property during cyclones. Due to heavy investments involved in the installation, operation and management of modern early warning system, it is also considered as an essential component of structural mitigation. With the rapid development of science and technology the early warning and communication system is undergoing changes. Powerful doppler radar systems can now track the movement of atmospheric depression and accurate early warnings can be issued 48-72 hours in advance about the probability of cyclone, its intensity and wind speed, direction and possible location of the land fall. Such warnings are broadcast through the radio and television network for the information of people in the coastal areas. Based on the data generated by the system numerical modeling on storm surge and flooding can forecast the inundation level from where the affected population can be evacuated to safer places. There are hundreds of such instances where early warning helped to save thousands of lives in the coastal areas. However, inaccuracies in the modeling exercises have some time led to exaggerated responses leading to unnecessary evacuation of hundreds of persons which could have been avoided. Such inaccurate predictions some time reduce the faith of coastal communities on the early warning system, which need to be avoided at any cost. It is expected that with further advances of early warning technology the predictions would be more and more accurate leading to better responses in emergency situations. It is also expected that increasing coverage of radio and television, more extensive use of ham radios and innovative use of mobile communication system would facilitate better dissemination of early warning to the isolated coastal communities particularly in the remote islands. The dissemination system can be made more effective with the active involvement of the communities and households in the preparation of their own cyclone contingency plans. Community Based Disaster Preparedness Communities are the first real time responder to any disaster situation. However developed or efficient a response mechanism could be there would always be a time gap between the disaster and the actual response from the government and other agencies. In the case of Mumbai flood of July 2005 the response time was 12 9 hours while in the case of hurricane Katrina a month later it was more than 48 hours. During this critical period it is the community which has to look towards itself for self help. Therefore if the communities are mobilized and trained to assess their own risk through participatory risk assessment process, develop their own contingency plans and set up their own teams for  evacuation, search and rescue, emergency shelter, first aid etc, the risks of cyclones can be managed with significant reduction in number of deaths and injuries. The post 1991 cyclones in Bangladesh have demonstrated how a Community Based Disaster Preparedness (CBDP) programme could make a drastic reduction in the risks of cyclonic disasters. Therefore, more and more governments have adopted CBDP as an important strategy for disaster risk management particularly in the coastal areas. The Government of Philippines has in fact amended their laws to devolve certain emergency response functions to the communities. The Government of India is implementing the largest ever CBDP programme in 169 multi-hazard districts of 17 States covering nearly 300 million people. Risk Transfer and Risk Financing Mounting economic losses due to cyclones cannot be compensated by the Government whose role would be limited to providing ex-gratia relief to the next of kin of persons who have died or to those sustained injuries and to provide support for the reconstruction of houses and livelihood regeneration for the poor and lower middle class people. Government support would also be necessary for reconstruction of the damaged public assets. The risks of industrial, commercial and other infrastructure and assets in the private and household sector can only be secured through the mechanism of risk financing and risk insurance. As the country develops, the share of private sector in the GDP would increase and, therefore, risk financing would be assuming increasing importance. In the developed countries nearly ninety percent of the assets are covered by insurance against natural disasters which has encouraged collateral investment on disaster resistant housing and infrastructure so as to reduce the premium for insurance. This has been a win-win situation for the private and individual sector in transferring their risks to the insurance companies, for the insurance companies in generating business and for the government in reducing its expenditure on relief and reconstruction while at the same time encouraging private investments for better safety standards for buildings and infrastructure. The experiences gained in this regard need to be further adapted according to the conditions of low and middle income countries. Various innovative services and products like micro insurance, micro credit etc.have been developed in many countries for increasing the resilience of local communities. Micro credit is particularly playing an importance role in retrofitting the vulnerabilities of the poorer sections of the community, especially the women, in the developing countries. Capacity Development and Training Capacity development is the most cost effective method of reducing the vulnerabilities of the people living in the coastal areas. The coastal communities have a certain degree of capacities built into their social systems and practices acquired through inherited experiences of generations. But such indigenous capacities are often overwhelmed by the vagaries of nature due to various anthropogenic factors like the 10 degradation of environment, changing land uses, pressures of population on settlements, climate change etc. Therefore, the local capacities have to be continuously upgraded and further developed according to the changing needs and the developments of science and technology and other improved practices in various sectors. The challenge of capacity development is to transfer the new horizons of knowledge into actionable modules at the local levels for the local people by the local community. Such capacities can be developed through meetings, interactions, discussions, exposure visits and trainings. Training is particularly necessary for cutting edge functionaries within and outside the government at various levels in different sectors to impart them with necessary skill for cyclone risk reduction and management. Training programmes have to be practical, scenario based and exercise and problem solving oriented so that the functionaries are aware of their specific responsibilities and are able to discharge those responsibilities efficiently before, during and after the cyclonic disasters. Training is also required for those community members who would be part of the community response teams for the initial critical hours and days till specialized assistance from the government and non-governmental agencies from the outside are organized. Such trainings may include maroon search and rescue, first aid, evacuation, temporary shelter management, arrangements of drinking water and sanitation, provision of cooked food etc. Such trainings can be better organized by a core group of community trainers who can be trained intensively by the specialized government and non-government agencies. Awareness and Education While training and capacity development target specific groups according to their specific training needs, awareness generation is more of a general in nature which sensitizes common masses about the risks, vulnerabilities of cyclones and the preventive, mitigative and preparedness measures that can be taken at the government, community, household and individual level. Electronic, print and folk media can play important roles in awareness generation on a large scale. Awareness and sensitization programme can also be organized for more specific and limited audience such as parliamentarians, policy makers, media and other selected audience. Cyclone education programme, on the contrary, would be more formalized curriculum which can be institutionalized within the education system at various levels. Disaster management has already been included in the educational curriculum of the schools in many countries and cyclone risk mitigation can be a part of such curriculum. Various branches of science and technology can have course modules on Cyclone Risk Management. For example, civil engineering and architectural courses can have curriculum on cyclone resistant housing and infrastructure. Medical and mental health sciences can have course module on emergency health and trauma management for cyclone affected people, while IT and Communication sciences may have courses on Early Warning and Communication. Such curriculum at various levels of general and professional courses would help to develop necessary 11 professional expertise to support the disaster risk mitigation and preparedness programmes of the government and other agencies at different levels. Contingency Plans In the not too distant past whenever a severe cyclone storm has struck the coastal areas in the developing countries the communities and government have mostly been caught unaware and often they have been so overwhelmed by the all round damages and destructions that it has taken quite some time for them to recover from the initial shocks and to plan and act in a coordinated manner, resulting in considerable chaos and confusion not only among the decision makers but also the emergency responders and other key stakeholders. Coordination among the agencies becomes a casualty in a crisis situation which affects the relief and reconstruction operations. The disastrous consequences of an absence of a pre-disaster contingency plan has been demonstrated repeatedly in many countries on a number of occasions. Therefore, one of the most critical elements of cyclone risk management is to have a contingency plan in readiness, which would clearly delineate the roles and responsibilities of various agencies within and outside the government, define the exact functions to be performed by them, the process to be followed in the performance of these functions, the tools and equipments to be kept in readiness, procurements to be made, evacuation drills to be followed, the emergency medical plan to be put in place etc. Such a contingency plan should be prepared vertically at the national, provincial, district and sub-district and community level and horizontally for the different sectors – police, civil defence, health, fire services, food and civil supplies, agriculture, fisheries, water supply, roads and bridges and so on. Standard operating procedure should be laid down for each activity to avoid any confusion and to ensure coordination among the various agencies involved in the response, relief, rehabilitation and reconstruction programmes after the disasters. Such contingency plan should be reviewed periodically to update them according to changing situations and also to create awareness among all the stakeholders. The best way to keep the contingency plan in readiness is to conduct mock drills at least once in a year before the cyclone season starts so that the operational difficulties in implementation of the plan are sorted out at the ground level and the various agencies within and outside the government can work together in a coordinated and efficient manner when the disaster would actually strike. Such mock drills again should be conducted at various levels to ensure operational readiness of the system. Even with all these mitigation and preparatory measures in place the cyclones would continue to strike the coastal settlements and probably these would strike with more frequencies and greater intensities in future. Death, injuries and losses can no doubt be reduced with better preparedness and mitigation measures, but these can not be avoided altogether. The challenge would be how efficiently these damages are managed, how best the affected people are rescued and provided relief and rehabilitation assistance in a humane and transparent manner, how fast the damaged houses and infrastructure are reconstructed and how quickly the pre-disaster situations are restored and normal life bounces back to its rhythm. This would require a pre 12 disaster recovery planning to be in place, ready for implementation, whenever a disaster strikes.

The History Of The Sweden Tourism Tourism Essay Example

The History Of The Sweden Tourism Tourism Essay Sweden Tourism is attractive finish for both concern and leisure travel. It is faster turning industry and they are anticipating their dual gross in following decennary. However, the gross coming from international visitants in dramatis personae five old ages it s more than doubled. Visitors were increased higher than the European norm domestic travellers and International travels both have increasing demand for the combination of the under developed market it will creates the major chances, fundamentally for foreign endeavors assisting in the adjustment activities, they help in bring forthing new manner of service, new merchandises and new rivals. So Sweden touristry is an attractive finish. Sweden has abundant natural resources to offer like clean H2O, fresh air, unfastened infinite, beautiful and fresh nature and adventures lands that issues for everyone. Attractive Sweden is highly immense in size, 246 sq. kilometer. compared to UK. They have merely 20 per sq kilometer people were populating in the Sweden. We can hold perfect finish and active holiday in all demands Sweden. Actually, alone natural and cultural heritage with foreign metropolis life it makes the finish attractive. Activities and experience, leisure activity, wilderness and escapade to go through and pass the yearss with seafaring or flaxen beaches with the group along seashore line in Sweden. Introduction: Growth of Tourism Industry in Swedish, since 1991, 80 per centum of the International traveller was increased to go Europe. In the same period about 100 % of the travellers found their manner to Sweden. Last five old ages international visitants were doubled and produced the gross for touristry industry in Swedish. Sweden generates over 252 SEK billion in bend over ; service relation concerns and cordial reception are back uping the scope of touristry industry. We will write a custom essay sample on The History Of The Sweden Tourism Tourism specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The History Of The Sweden Tourism Tourism specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The History Of The Sweden Tourism Tourism specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer They are estimated 500 SEK billion to expected turnover to turn the touristry industry in 2020. Sweden have the good possible growing in touristry sector, late consisting the GDP is merely three per centums in touristry sectors. Four per centum of the planetary travel is decreased during 2009. However, nightlong corsets are about 30 % increased in Europe. In 2009, International overnight remain were increased one of the chief finish in Europe is Sweden. International tourers were passing their money on goods merchandise compared to domestic travellers. Fifty per centum of the shopping history were consumed by international travellers and 40 per centum were concern and leisure travellers in Sweden and domestic travellers most of them passing their passing their clip and money in shopping. It is besides the chief intent to step in the international travellers to take nutrient in eating houses than Sweden travellers. Communicating with planetary and domestic travellers: However, Day by twenty-four hours foreign tourers increasing so they are continued carry oning no of direct flights and tourer resorts future influxs and handiness of visitants. Traffic of sail ship and investing is bring forthing in seaport installations to increase the Sweden travel. They are anticipating the more calls and more sing travellers to major ports to bespeak the development in future. Ensure good developed roads and railroads web to easy entree the Sweden to all portion of the state. Attractive topographic points in Sweden: Goteborg: The primary metropolis of the state is bohus and Gothenburg ; it has first-class information and is the seed of a Lutheran bishop. Social and cultural life manner in Goteborg is recognized from the terminal of art gallery. Helsingborg: Intentionally situated at the narrowest facets of the Oresund compared the Danish metropolis of Helsingborg for 100s of old ages ferociously uncertain between Denmark and Norway. There are plan to develop nexus over the Oresund. Kalmar: Primary metropolis of the national of Kalmar in south eastern portion of Sweden can be found on the Kalmar, which individual the isle of Oland from the landmark. There was already covering published here in Viking period. The town modern-day sectors consist of engineering invention and engine vehicles. Falun: The old acquiring out metropolis of falun can be found on both fiscal establishment of the watercourse falun between the runnsio and varparjo. Falun is still a of import commercial metropolis and besides full many activities. Karlstad: Malno can be found on the western seashore of skane reverse the Danish investing of Copenhagen across the Oresund. A important slot of Sweden s 3rd greatest town, it is indispensable fiscal and societal center. The town accepted to Norway under the understanding of Roskilde. Capital of sweden: It can be found on the assortment of finish and peninsula at the end product of pool cheekbone into the Baltic, Which soon types and in deepness. The entreaty of its establishing can be found in the intermingling of country and H2O, the complex design of river covering the town. Upsala: The most important development in Uppsala is the church, noticeable from most facets of metropolis. It is the primary metropolis of the state of Uppsala and the country of highland and the chair of the Lutheran archbishop of Norway. The person of highland appreciate the right of taking and force outing their leaders. Vaxjo: It can be found at the northern terminal of the several of that name. It recognized its public lease in 1342 and now primary metropolis of Kornberg state. Vaxjo is house to two recognized sign of the zodiacs Kornberg escapade. Completed in the 15th millenary and teleborg escapade designed 1900. It becomes a spiritual center in the 12th millenary ; when its first cathedral was develop by sigfrid. Visby: The island investing, the metropolis of flower and rains on the North West seashore of Gotland is the chair of the authorities of Gotland state and the bishop. Within its environing surface it has environing much of its antediluvian ambiance and obtained the name of UNESCO Earth civilization site. Great possible for foreign Developers: However, turning demand on new attractive force. Accommodation and fuel wadding experiences produce the investing for touristry industry. Some of the turning chances in touristry nutrient, escapade touristry, ecosystem and ski ; Demand were increasing by the adjustment and substructure this are acquiring big investing in Sweden, with many and assorted chances for foreign investors, touristry enterpriser, existent estate, companies activity, hotel and adjustment companies etc. They are supplying the supply of 36000 suites and 2000 hotels in Sweden. It is non plenty to run into travellers demand. Here deficit of remaining on the topographic point in different sections from electromotive forces, vacation cabins, budget hotels, to five and four star hotels with wellness attention installations. Sweden touristry is acquiring rise, October to May in long ground. Snow autumn is guaranteed the Sweden ski resorts are increasing popularity. Ski passes on another record in term of 2009/10 season, traveller s volume, nag and turnover. Services adjustment ski lifts betterments are the demand for big investing in ski resort finish. Foreign travellers to ski resort are bring forthing due to more direct flights and charter flights to the immense ski resorts. It is besides regarded as snow land, less exploited and alien resorts in Europe. The one-year gross revenues growing of ski resort 2009/10 gross revenues growing got million SEK. They are measuring on keeping finish is stronger and stronger. Most likely market of domestic touristry was of import for vacation nine. They have batch of money, so they were basking their vacations. PEST Analysis: Political: Name of the state is Sweden ; their legal system is based on 1974 fundamental law Carl XVI Gustaf has male monarch in Sweden ; he is the caput of province, 349 members of subjects legislative assembly in Swedish parliament. Actually every four old ages election could be held and cleared that the male monarch has election could be held and cleared that the old ages the male monarch has no function drama in authorities. Risks dekagram is set a new universe record in the 2006 election they were 47 % adult females were members elected. Chief parties: Politically Sweden is stable and it is really safe state. Corruptness was to the full implemented by jurisprudence on corruptness in Sweden. The chief parties are moderate party, people s party Centre party, Democratic Party, left party. The Eighty five per centum of the population connected to the cathedral of Norway which is Lutheran. The academic plan gets to the whole dwellers and the cognition sum is 90 nine per centums. In 1999, twenty four per centum of the population outdated 16 to seventy four old ages had a university instruction of at least two old ages. Highest focal point on the population considered in the seaside countries and the southern portion. Swedish are the prevailing civilization group. Other citizen consists of in-migration from Finland south portion of United States, the centre eastern. Economic: The chief construction is the responsible for economic upturn, due to Sweden authorities gross in policies required to carry through a intent of considerable lessening in harm of assets using and holding good entree to Sweden s capital market of concern. Long term unemployment: The power of labour market policy could be better their preparation, which needed it most and acquiring ability in built the cooperation between establishments. Reforms in the revenue enhancement system and societal benefits to the right inducements for provide increasing the working hours. Portfolio investing and capital markets: recognition is made by available in international man of affairs in an impartial manner. The private companies are supplying entree to a assortment of recognition instruments. The cardinal bank is concentrating on bring forthing the foreign cooperation. The coordination determines among 20 five to forty nine twelvemonth old was 30 one per centums were females contributed in the employees is besides great, representing 40 eight per centums of the labour power in 1998. However, portion clip perform is more frequent among adult females than work forces. Life demands are among the biggest in universe and the GDP per house clasp, measured as purchasing power equality modified dollars, came to 20789 in 1999. In the 2000 Sweden was ranked 6th by united state homo development. Sociable: Swedish people really punctual and they do nt smoke in public topographic points. Personal wont of the Swedish people is taking the places outside the place. Sweden pupils are really relaxed but they are willing to assist others. Technology: Based on web reading index 2009/10 state of Sweden economic system is ranked first and they scored 5.65 on the top of the study of planetary information engineering. The study plays a major function of ICT. Legal: A jurisprudence of Sweden provides a assortment of theoretical accounts under a concern can be established. Act ( 1992:160 ) Sweden jurisprudence applies to aboard companies running with some other types of concern the international subdivision s president must be available within the EEA. Each and every company in Sweden is needed to register at the Sweden Company s enrollment office. Legal protection of the trade grade must be registered in Sweden it can be obtained. Three Range of old ages: However, Vision of Sweden in 2022 that is after 10 old ages, Sweden key industry is touristry it merely making the gross for the state $ 1.7 billion. It will stay the cardinal challenges scheme of person to turn to our possible identifies of encompassing a new challenges approach to stronger industry and right to the part of firmly on the universe phase of sing finish. The procedure of indispensable ongoing concern from 100s of alone tourer is the bed stone of the client s experience when sing the Sweden. The degree of cooperation to environ something range of the confirming is unparallel within the part and it s a first for regional touristry organisation within the experience. Tourism organisation believes taking new thoughts to demo their cooperation with indispensable for the parts and alone concern to acquire win. We have explained the experience more than fabulous service or merchandise to merchandise by an single company. And we have understood our rivals ; they are New Zealand and California competition for touristry and travellers is increasing and understanding as tourer is important. The agenda is based by singular research and it s based on part of our visitants by their travel and societal demands. However, they are traveling frontward to carry on athleticss touristry, adventure touristry, wildlife touristry, hotels and resorts supplying with batch of invention in Sweden. Tourism musca volitanss were creates freshly to foreign visitants to acquiring their good experience to happen the good things in the state. Vision of Sweden in 2030, Industry of touristry is return to put the manner to travel frontward in the approaching old ages. Although, due based on the assorted betterment that are set of maps in the touristry sectors. Tourism is the cardinal operation of the Sweden s gross devising industry. It was of import to an organisation all Torahs in authorities of Sweden in antecedently the animadversion to sector of smoothly running of the organisations. The facts happening in assorted degrees of touristry factors in the state that chiefly produced in frame plants and cooperation between two states on value of touristry. To keep low peace of growing in Sweden touristry to the high degrees of in security legal frame plants, deficiency of policies and hapless roads. Vision of Sweden in 2035, transit and development program for Sweden and they linking with developing the parts. Promoting their thoughts in large screen symptoms with neon paper. In a motor train merely one vehicle has to steer consequences in reduced air opposition. Key in order to advance analysis and confirm research consequences such as presentation and lead characteristics, proto types, research construction or market examining, needs broad cooperation between the market and those who will be utilizing the new constituents and merchandises. A cooperation plan should be funded reciprocally by the universe of company and the authorities to do certain external respiration and to supply chance for new gamers and company countries that do non exists in the present industry and to do certain top quality. Sustainability: Sustainability touristry is one of the chief value or demands for the state in present status without compromising the necessity of future coevals. Industry of touristry has two chief demands to equilibrate the sustainability touristry, environmental cost and societal goods. Visit Sweden, together with our associate in the touristry industry. Targeting on chosen classs of company and enjoyment of travellers and people who are good informed tourer s worldwide witting and environmental aware, our dressed ore on squad research tell us that many people internet market with environmental attention, a consequence of our strong natural information. We understand this to intend that they anticipating with its several natural beginnings to instantly care for its exterior. Sweden Expectations: Sweden is considered as a state that performed wittingly with lastingness and that likes you about its dwellers, its companies it s environing and its features. Many tourers believe that Sweden, with its environment friendly dwellers works decidedly for maintainable development. Customer behaviour: Customer consciousness of environment jobs and lastingness is increasing and maintainable picks are increasingly available. More and more people experience they want to play a function decidedly to a maintainable. The tourer who visit Sweden aims are world-wide cognizant, have comparatively great earning and are knowing tourers who seek new interesting finishs. Sweden creditability: Sweden and Swedish locations can supply maintainable merchandises and discourse them in a dependable manner. Sweden is already good known with regard to lastingness jobs and harmonizing to the Earth fiscal community is the state that is best placed to carry through maintainable growing. In some states Sweden is seen as a pioneer in maintainable location. Furthermore, these yearss many states are concentrating steadfastly on lastingness jobs and on turning these message to the loosen uping the universe. Hazards: Other states will work intensively and systematically on sustainable development to be able to heighten their state s natural information. The hazards here is the Sweden could cut down its powerful topographic point in the sustainability place, lastingness particularly in types other than environment can be disputing to link to prospective travellers in sample manner. For illustration most making techniques and many travellers lack the indispensable information to do logical options when booking a journey or a conference. Guidelines or other countrywide demands can avoid the development of handiness or other facets of benefits to environmental travel. These can dwell of different paths sizes or a regulation for high velocity Teachs to environment travel, entry to replace powers and constructs alterations for tourer. Future rivals for Sweden: Visit Sweden s require contains deriving as many international concern and enjoyment tourers as possible to Sweden to carry through increased growing and income for the Sweden travel and enjoyment market and the Swedish province. This places important demand on the assignment a long term development of Sweden touristry industry. Visit Sweden needs to increase attending of maintainable journey with the aim of giving the visitants the information and resource to do consciously picks for maintainable journey of Sweden is designed to be such an attention-getting, sustainable location making it an interesting pick for increasing Numberss of invitees. Sweden manner to the mark: Sweden has many possibilities to detect in its facets as Communications Company. Focused publicities should stress the maintainable picks at the same times as it reduces through the perturbation to our prioritized group. This is the lone manner to make these things in 2020 our mark will success with sustainable finish and travel industry gross will increase. Decision: Sweden location in the Norse Peninsula, at the northern portion of Europe, surrounded by sea every bit good as land multitudes of Norway, Finland, Denmark on the other makes it a perfect location for leisure travel. Its comparative intimacy to the sea paths of England makes it an ideal topographic point to see. It has so many things to offer a tourer who arrives in Sweden. From its civilization, hot spots climatic conditions, it has improved its touristry by spring and bounds. From being a land of power to a state of peace Sweden has hopped along a long manner. It will go on to remain in front, sing the state s economic stableness and the resources it has to offer. Peoples going into Europe make their manner into Sweden, being a portion of the European Union helps their cause. Country s touristry remains the states anchor. Bing a safe state adds to its cause. Friendly people and their civilization attracts a batch of tourers from other continents every bit good as from within Europe every bit good. Government s enterprises to advance touristry have helped it accomplish heroic poem success in pulling tourer. The conveyance has been a major factor in touristry, tourer prefer faster, better and cheaper conveyances. Sweden has a good connected train and roadways system. It has linking train to several parts of Europe doing it easy accessible. Invest Sweden has been a concern publicity activity controlled by the Sweden authorities. This enables tourers to happen their involvement to make concern in Sweden. This enables tourers to spread out their concerns into Sweden, or be spouses in bing concern by puting. The flexibleness of the authorities all ow tourer to settle down in their state. With occupation chances available, Sweden will shortly go a booming finish for young person and blooming economic system. It is circle that is said to travel on. With attractive finishs to offer and with the authorities advancing touristry as a major portfolio, tourers and touristry will boom in the close hereafter and clip to come.

Free Essays on Harry Potter... Wizardly Or Wimpy

In J.K. Rowling’s book Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone, we meet a meek, shy boy named Harry. He is the product of two parents who loved him very much but were killed earlier on in his life. He was sent to live with the Dursleys, his only relatives who are horrible to him. After numerous strange encounters with Hagrid (a visitor from the wizard world), Harry learns that he too is a wizard. He bounds off to wizard school and realizes that he has a great reputation to live up to. It seems as though everybody already knows of him everywhere he goes! People everywhere whisper behind him or those more brazen speak to him openly about his wizardly powers. Harry realizes that living up to this immense reputation will be a very difficult task. Not only does he have all of the typical fears that a regular boy would have of going off to a new school, but also has all of these abnormal fears about his reputation to conquer. After reading this book, it is clear that Harry Potter does not live up to his wizardly name while studying at Hogwart's, yet does contain the potential to do so. When Harry was wearing the sorting hat to decide what house he would be joining, it whispered that he did contain courage. â€Å" ‘Hmm,’ said a small voice in his ear. ‘Difficult. Very difficult. Plenty of courage, I see. Not a bad mind, either. There’s talent, oh my goodness, yes – and a nice thirst to prove yourself, now that’s interesting †¦ So where shall I put you?’† (Rowling, p90) The sorting hat realizes that there is potential to become a great wizard, but it does not say when. Harry may go on to become a great wizard, but does not do so during this novel. Harry is coy and timid and does not yet have the confidence that is portrayed by all of the other successful wizards in the story. â€Å"Professor McGonagall was again different. Harry had been quite right to think she wasn’t a teacher to cross. Strict and cl... Free Essays on Harry Potter... Wizardly Or Wimpy Free Essays on Harry Potter... Wizardly Or Wimpy In J.K. Rowling’s book Harry Potter and the Philosopher’s Stone, we meet a meek, shy boy named Harry. He is the product of two parents who loved him very much but were killed earlier on in his life. He was sent to live with the Dursleys, his only relatives who are horrible to him. After numerous strange encounters with Hagrid (a visitor from the wizard world), Harry learns that he too is a wizard. He bounds off to wizard school and realizes that he has a great reputation to live up to. It seems as though everybody already knows of him everywhere he goes! People everywhere whisper behind him or those more brazen speak to him openly about his wizardly powers. Harry realizes that living up to this immense reputation will be a very difficult task. Not only does he have all of the typical fears that a regular boy would have of going off to a new school, but also has all of these abnormal fears about his reputation to conquer. After reading this book, it is clear that Harry Potter does not live up to his wizardly name while studying at Hogwart's, yet does contain the potential to do so. When Harry was wearing the sorting hat to decide what house he would be joining, it whispered that he did contain courage. â€Å" ‘Hmm,’ said a small voice in his ear. ‘Difficult. Very difficult. Plenty of courage, I see. Not a bad mind, either. There’s talent, oh my goodness, yes – and a nice thirst to prove yourself, now that’s interesting †¦ So where shall I put you?’† (Rowling, p90) The sorting hat realizes that there is potential to become a great wizard, but it does not say when. Harry may go on to become a great wizard, but does not do so during this novel. Harry is coy and timid and does not yet have the confidence that is portrayed by all of the other successful wizards in the story. â€Å"Professor McGonagall was again different. Harry had been quite right to think she wasn’t a teacher to cross. Strict and cl...

Colloid Examples in Chemistry

Colloid Examples in Chemistry Colloids are uniform mixtures that dont separate or settle out. While colloidal mixtures are generally considered to be homogeneous mixtures, they often display heterogeneous quality when viewed on the microscopic scale. There are two parts to every colloid mixture: the particles and the dispersing medium. The colloid particles are solids or liquids that are suspended in the medium. These particles are larger than molecules, distinguishing a colloid from a solution. However, the particles in a colloid are smaller than those found in a suspension.  In smoke, for examples, solid particles from combustion  are suspended in a gas. Here are several other examples of colloids: Aerosols foginsecticide spraycloudssmokedust Foams whipped creamshaving cream Solid Foams marshmallowsStyrofoam Emulsions milkmayonnaiselotion Gels gelatinbutterjelly Sols inkrubberliquid detergentshampoo Solid Sols pearlgemstonessome colored glasssome alloys How to Tell a Colloid From a Solution or Suspension At first glance, it may seem difficult to distinguish between a colloid, solution, and suspension, since you cant usually tell the size of the particles simply by looking at the mixture. However, there are two easy ways to identify a colloid: Components of a suspension separate over time. Solutions and colloids dont separate.If you shine a beam of light into a colloid, it displays the Tyndall effect, which makes the beam of light visible in the colloid because light is scattered by the particles. An example of the Tyndall effect is the visibility of light from car headlamps through fog. How Colloids Are Formed Colloids usually form one of two ways: Droplets of particles may be dispersed into another medium by spraying, milling, high-speed mixing, or shaking.Small dissolved particles may be condensed into colloidal particles by redox reactions, precipitation, or condensation.

Investment ratios of McBride plc Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Investment ratios of McBride plc - Essay Example According to David (2005), financial statements provide the potential users with a narrow insight into the strengths and weaknesses of a business. This is because what is reported does not give an in-depth depiction of performance of an entity. Such full view of a business is important as it would ultimately influence users’ decisions on whether to continue their association with an entity and in addition, give potential investors adequate information to aid them in decision-making. Thus, the concept of financial analysis The Mcbride Plc had basic normalized earnings per share of 2.9p, 12.3p, 9.2p, and 6.4p for the financial year of 2011, 2010, 2009 and 2008. This ratio is very important in comparing the performance of companies, as this cannot be done using the profit they make directly because of differences in the number of outstanding shares and income. A higher Earnings per Share is desirable to investors as it indicates a higher relative income. This company has a EPS that fluctuates from time to time which means that shareholders returns is unstable. Price to earnings ratio (P/E ratio)- David (2003) states that price/earnings ratio is the most commonly used to evaluate investment in an entity. He further points out that historically, the average P/E ratio for the broad market has been around 15, although it can fluctuate significantly depending on economic and market conditions. A stock with a high price/earnings ratio suggests that investors are expecting higher earnings growth in the future compared to the overall market while a stock with a low price/earnings ratio suggests that investors have more modest expectation for its future growth compared to the market as a whole (David, 2003). From the computations of price/earnings ratio for McBride plc in table below, the ratio declined from 10.8 in 2010 to 9.44 in 2011. This decline may not be attractive to prospective growth investors despite

Immigration Personal Statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Immigration - Personal Statement Example I want to help people in the future who may face tribulations the same way she did. I want to be a legal professional who can stand up for the rights of all of the downtrodden, and those in difficult situations. I also want to achieve social change and equality. I ask myself what can I do as one person to change any situation. The answer is that I can do everything as long as I accept the challenge of being an agent of change regarding social progress for families and children, for the continuing pursuit of social justice through law, with a personal focus on divorce law and immigration. In terms of the growth and change I have experienced while vicariously experiencing my mother's divorce as a child, I learned my legal internship that being involved in legal work requires a great deal of leadership and determination; leaders in the field must ensure the success of their clients in every way possible by being effective team players who can make definitive, goal-oriented decisions based on skills and experience I have also learned through experience that it is not only dreams of success that bring people to the field of law. I care deeply about what happened to my mother in her divorce, and what happens to many.

I Want to Be a Nurse Essay Example for Free

I Want to Be a Nurse Essay Writing assessment Empire college offers a unique learning environment for the busy learner who may be juggling a number of roles, spouse, parent, manager, entrepreneur, volunteer, caregiver, and more. We offer a flexible learning environment, with individually designed degree programs, and opportunities to study online,face to face, or a combination of the two. In a type essay of no fewer than 300 words, please describe: 1. Your reason for applying to Empire State College. 2. Your personal and professional goals, and what topics or areas you hope to study 3. Your strengths and experiences (educational, employment, community and personal background) that will make you a successful student in our learning environment. MY LIFE STORY Life is a long journey to seek happiness and great joy! Sometimes we can successfully overcome some kind of hardships in life and sometimes we are still struggling and suffering but don’t ever be despondent. No matter how hard it is, as long as you stay persistent and self determined you will overcome those obstacles. There were so many stages on my risky challenge journey to find a happy life! To know who you are you must know where you began. My life starts in a small village in Viet Nam. Despite growing up with a privilege life full of food on the table, a warm bed to sleep in, plenty of toys†¦It is human nature to want what I don’t have-nurturing parents. My parents worked very hard to provide a better life that they never had. I and three of my brothers were grown up with unhappy childhood. We never had time to play with friends, go to the park or even get any gift on our birthday †¦.All of us had to work after school to help my parents earn more money for food and others basic shelters. When I was in the middle school I had to do all of the housework and trading in the market for foods. I believed that is why I am so independent on my life. MY name is â€Å"My† which is often misspelled and misunderstanding. But it carried a full meaning to my parents. First it means beautiful. Second it links to a country â€Å"United State of American†. When I was a kid my parents usually tell me about how wonderful American are which in . Wealthy, Independence and freedom In 1987 when I was born my parents escaped from Vietnam to United State of American to explore a new life with a standard living but they failed and I was named â€Å"My† to chase my parents dream. I and my Parents had shared about â€Å"American dream† since I was 10 years old. I always dreamed of get out of my small village to fulfill my family dream and make a better life to help my parents who had sacrifice themselves to raise us to become good persons. Even how hard they are we still go through school. I was always study very hard at school and look for a chance to study aboard in the promising land American. Time went by and even how hard my parents and I tried we still could not afford for going aboard. But I still kept thinking about this dream until one day I had got a chance to take risk to work aboard as a technician specialist named Chartered Semiconductor in Singapore. The day I left my country and my family was a gloomiest day that I never forget. I was very excited to explore about Singapore at the first time I came there. I heard that Singapore is a very high standard country. Living and working in this country I don’t have to suffer from any obstacle. But dream is always dream and when I started to work I knew that it is never easy to get what you want without skills and experiences. Things never come the way I expected. It s so much can be say for living and immersing myself in another country and multicultural. I had to face with a lot of horrible experiences at work. Especially it was so difficult for me to adjust to speak Sing-English. Co-worker made fun of my English. I was hurt like a deep wound cut inside. I was cried some nights and even I was mad at myself. But 2 weeks later I told myself not to be discouraged because I left my homeland for this and there was no excuse for me to give up. Slowly I tried to join at work, make friends and ask them whatever I didn’t understand. I found my own way to get help. I gradually created my life with a fully eye-open experience. I built a lot of intangible skills. Each situation was a stepped stone thread through to my life with so many little things teaches me independence, management, organization and the best is self-confidence. I also found my love destiny here. I met my husband at work who was a nice, thoughtful and caring Vietnamese-American. He helped and supported me during the time I was struggle and suffer at work and the new life here. Through him I had come to God and believed in God. God had leaded me the way to go further and fulfill my dreams. We married after 3 years dating. One Year later we moved to Germany because of my husband work and we stayed there for 1 year and 4 months. From this time, I was really enjoy my life. I has chances to experience plenty of new things with my flesh eyes which I had read in books and surfed on Internet. I knew more about amazing country over the world and I was so interested to learn so many things about social, history, custom, religious about Germany and European. I had built a very good relationship here. I will never forget about this wonderful period of my life. And I, now finally, am here in New York. Enjoy my second winter. My dream about American for a long time had come true. To me, New York was a far-away and strange land at the first time. I was scared and lonely for almost 3 months. I and my husband moved to New York last winter in October 2011 and we experienced 2 terrible storms then we settled up everything to get ready for a lot of plans. I could not forget the first time my husband teach me to drive. My heart was bumping and my palm was sweat. I tried to get my driver license other way I had to stay at home. And now I can I drive to library every week, found a good job, made good friends and had plenty of good relationships, and the best thing is I will be Baptism next month to become a Catholic Christian. Thanks God blessed for me onmy life. I had so many goals and I had made them come true. I was on phone with my Mum on my 27th birthday. She said she is so proud of about me that I made her happy and the most important she asked me â€Å"What are you going to do next?† Five years living aboard is such a long time, but it goes so fast. I did not let any hardship hold me back and I am going to go through another bigger goal which is go to college and I will never stop to achieve my dreams. I was interested in Health filed and I always wished to become a helpful nurse when I was very young. Being a Vietnamese girl learn English to become a nurse is my first and forehead goal I want to do in this coming year. I would love to care about people and make them happy. My motivation is 4 year college and then go to study beyond later if I have a chance because education never stop. There are a lot of things to do in this country. I still want to have a good future with a solid stepped stone in life and a loving family. I will raise my children to become a successful person. They will use my experience story as a role for them to work hard and to be successful in their lives. And I have to say my heart was burning when I found Empire State Community college. I really want to get my degree here so desperately. Empire State community college offer the course which I interested in with flexible study option and it have great faculty, also a warm and diverse community and interesting traditional according to students. I can decide how, where and when I sturdy to complete my education.That’s great. I have a long way to go but I will do my best to reach my goals. Yes! Everyone have a story-history that has made them the way they are to make a happy life! And that is who am I!

The Old Man And The Sea: The Old Man :: essays research papers

The Old Man and The Sea: The Old Man Authors use many tactics to reveal a character's personality. In the short story, A Clean, Well-Lighted Place, Hemingway exposes the attributes of his characters through narration and dialogue. The older waiter's characteristics are exhibited through the waiters' conversations and the observations the narrator makes. The author cleverly associates the older waiter with the old man. This connection gives the audience a clear understanding of the loneliness and old age the waiter faces. The older waiter in Hemingway's story identifies with the old man. This is evident through the statements he makes to the younger waiter. In the begining of the work the younger waiter is complaining about the old man staying at the cafe. The older waiter takes up for the old man by explaining that the old man, â€Å"stays up because he likes it† (Hemingway 160). This is the initial time that the older waiter indicates that he identifies with the old man's feelings. This identification becomes more apparent farther in the work. For instance, the older waiter categorizes himself as being one, â€Å"of those who likes to stay late at the cafe†(Hemingway 161). With this declaration, the older waiter places himself in the same group as the old man. Hemingway's comparison of the old man and the waiter becomes unmistakable through the words of the older waiter. Loneliness and old age are the common bonds that the older waiter shares with the old man. This is manifested through the dialogue between the two waiters. For example, when the younger waiter boasts about his youth and confidence, the older waiter jealously replies, â€Å"I have never had confidence and I am not young†(Hemingway 161). The older waiter goes on further to illustrate that all he has is work. The older waiter later displays his loneliness through his compassion for the old man and others like himself. For instance, when the younger waiter remarks that he wishes to go home for the night, the older waiter says, â€Å"I am reluctant to close up because there may be some one who needs the cafe† (Hemingway 161). Through the author's comparison of the old man and the older waiter, he reveals the waiter's loneliness and desire for youth. The narration communicates the personality of the older waiter. For example, the narrator depicts the old waiter as, â€Å"not dressed to go home† (Hemingway 161). The author is implying that the older waiter will be in search of a drinking area, much like the cafe, after the cafe closes. Similar to the old man, the older waiter does not want to go home. The Old Man And The Sea: The Old Man :: essays research papers The Old Man and The Sea: The Old Man Authors use many tactics to reveal a character's personality. In the short story, A Clean, Well-Lighted Place, Hemingway exposes the attributes of his characters through narration and dialogue. The older waiter's characteristics are exhibited through the waiters' conversations and the observations the narrator makes. The author cleverly associates the older waiter with the old man. This connection gives the audience a clear understanding of the loneliness and old age the waiter faces. The older waiter in Hemingway's story identifies with the old man. This is evident through the statements he makes to the younger waiter. In the begining of the work the younger waiter is complaining about the old man staying at the cafe. The older waiter takes up for the old man by explaining that the old man, â€Å"stays up because he likes it† (Hemingway 160). This is the initial time that the older waiter indicates that he identifies with the old man's feelings. This identification becomes more apparent farther in the work. For instance, the older waiter categorizes himself as being one, â€Å"of those who likes to stay late at the cafe†(Hemingway 161). With this declaration, the older waiter places himself in the same group as the old man. Hemingway's comparison of the old man and the waiter becomes unmistakable through the words of the older waiter. Loneliness and old age are the common bonds that the older waiter shares with the old man. This is manifested through the dialogue between the two waiters. For example, when the younger waiter boasts about his youth and confidence, the older waiter jealously replies, â€Å"I have never had confidence and I am not young†(Hemingway 161). The older waiter goes on further to illustrate that all he has is work. The older waiter later displays his loneliness through his compassion for the old man and others like himself. For instance, when the younger waiter remarks that he wishes to go home for the night, the older waiter says, â€Å"I am reluctant to close up because there may be some one who needs the cafe† (Hemingway 161). Through the author's comparison of the old man and the older waiter, he reveals the waiter's loneliness and desire for youth. The narration communicates the personality of the older waiter. For example, the narrator depicts the old waiter as, â€Å"not dressed to go home† (Hemingway 161). The author is implying that the older waiter will be in search of a drinking area, much like the cafe, after the cafe closes. Similar to the old man, the older waiter does not want to go home.

Commentary: An Advancement of Learning by Seamus Heaney Essay

In An Advancement from Learning by Seamus Heaney, he describes a retrospective childhood experience. The narrator compels himself to face a deep-seated and preposterous fear which he consequently conquers. He shares his terror and revulsion by implementing vivid and vibrant imagery presented in nine quatrains. The conquest of an irrational fear depicted in this poem is perhaps a metaphor for overcoming greater fears in life. As the title suggest, this poem is about An Advancement of Learning- facing and subsequently conquering sometimes strong and private fears. Heaney describes a lone stroll along a polluted, ‘oil-skinned’ river bank. The almost sombre introspective tone of the opening two stanzas rapidly changes into one of revolt and terror as a rat emerges from the river. In a moment of panic, the poet attempts to escape, only to find another on the far bank, which encouraged a deeper impact. The second rat provoked the author to question his response to and fear for these animals. He then ‘incredibly’ decides to courageously maintain his ground and face the rodent. Despite Heaney providing the reader with a vibrant image of the animal to reinforce his contempt, he almost battles the rat until he ‘stared him out’. Eventually, as if the narrator won the ongoing battle, the rat retreats into a sewage pipe. Heaney then advances his way and triumphantly crosses the bridge, as he conquered a fright which has bedevilled him since childhood. An Advancement of Learning is written in nine quatrains consisting of short and sharp lines, which almost present the reader with a succession of flashing images. Heaney employs a loose and alternate rhyming scheme- stanzas one, three, six, eight and nine follow the pattern abcb, whereas stanzas two and four follow the abac pattern. Where the seventh stanza follows the abab pattern, Stanza five has the different but effective rhyming scheme abbc. The regularity of the rhythm in this stanza contributes to the reader’s sense of the poet’s rising self control. Heaney makes active use of enjambment and caesura to emphasise many of his emotions and sentiments. The astute use of enjambment from lines ten to sixteen increase the tempo and excitement of the poem, which in turn aid to convey the poet’s  fright and aspiration to flee. Furthermore, the writer applies enjambment between one stanza and the next to allow his descriptions to flow smoothly, which appropriately reflects the fluidity of the river described. Interesting is that the verses reflect the writer’s gradual gaining of self control. The main entity in the poem is the bridge as it symbolises the tree stages in the writer’s conquest of fear. At the sight of the first rat, the poet initially refuses to cross the bridge. Once faced with his ‘enemy’, he establishes a ‘dreaded Bridgehead’ which in military terms means to hold a defensive position. He is fearful but determined. Finally, as the poet defeats his foe and fear, he, with a vestige of triumph, ‘walked on and crossed the bridge.’ The bridge is mentioned at these three key stages of Heaney’s experience as well as structurally in the first, central and closing stanzas to emphasise the stages of overcoming his fear gradually. Heaney’s most striking feature in terms of style and language are unmistakably his effective use of alliteration and sibilance, as well as the appealing use of lexis. The repetition of the sharp consonant sounds s and c, especially conspicuous in the third stanza, contribute to both the sickening nature of the rat and the writer’s feelings towards it. An example of words carefully chosen to enhance and reflect the meaning of the poem is ‘Insidiously listening’, which is despite its impact, neither alliteration nor assonance. The narrator also employs extraordinary and emotive vocabulary, such as ‘slimed’ and ‘nimbling’ to describe the rats, allowing the reader to accurately experience the fear and loathing which he suffered. Remarkable about this poem is that as the writer overcomes his revolt and fright, the description of the animal becomes more forgiving. Where at the beginning the rodents were Insidious, ‘slobberedâ€℠¢ and ‘slimed’ around, they are, less forbiddingly, observed as animals with ‘the raindrop eye’ and ‘the old snout’ towards the end. This indicates how the writer’s fear and terror disappears with the rat into the sewage pipe, and how he now views the rodent in its proper perspective. An Advancement of Learning successfully conveyed the writer’s feelings and  emotions while conquering a lifelong phobia. The use of enjambment and caesura as well as the alternating rhyming patterns, which reflected the increasing order of the situation, all contribute to the vibrant image the reader is provided with. Furthermore, the poet employed the motif of the bridge as a foundation for the poem’s structure while adding more dimension to the text by enforcing it as a symbol of the poet’s route to overcoming his deep-rooted fears.

Quality and patient safety in USA Essay

The purpose of this article is to drive attention to rising issues of quality care and patient safety in United States. In spite of launching major initiatives and investing heavily in recourses to improve patient safety, there has been no significant improvement in health care quality in past decade1. One of the challenges in measuring quality are developing accurate data system. Avoiding surgical complications by implementing WHO checklist guidelines, effective use of computerized physician order entry and electronic health records can foster safer, high quality care. Current state of quality and patient safety in USA Americans too often do not receive care that they need, or they receive care that causes harm. Care can be delivered too late or without full consideration of a patient’s preferences and values. Providers frequently overuse therapies that are not known to be effective, underuse therapies that are clearly recommended, and misuse therapies. At best, overuse of care leads to inefficiency and waste. Overuse may also threaten patient safety. Underuse represents missed opportunities to prevent disease or treat it effectively, and misuse may threaten patient safety and lead to additional illness, injury, or even death. In December 1999, the institute of medicine reported that medical errors cause up to 98,000 deaths and more than 1 million injuries each year in the United States2. From 2001 to 2005, total annual health care expenditure increased at a rate of 4.6 times the rate of the increase in the summery measure of quality of care. Annual total health care expenditures rose 6.5% (in 2005 dollars). During this time same period, quality increased at a rate of 1.4%. For heart disease, cancer and diabetes individually, quality increased at a rate of 2.6%, 1.9% and 0.1% annually, respectively. Expenditures increased at an annual rate of 4.4%, 9.0% and 4.9%, respectively3. Many times, our system of health care  distributes services inefficiently and unevenly across populations. Some Americans receive worse care than other Americans. These disparities may be due to differences in access to care, provider biases, poor provider-patient communication, or poor health literacy4. Disparities in quality of care are common: Blacks received worse care than Whites for 41% of quality measures. Hispanics received worse care than non-Hispanic Whites for 39% of measures. Poor people received worse care than high-income people for 47% of measures4. Challenge in quality measurement Health care quality measurement has long been a troublesome issue. The first hurdle is deciding what to measure and how to measure it. Once performance measure topics and technical specifications are finally agreed on for a given healthcare setting, the next—and biggest—problem is getting accurate, complete data quickly enough to derive useful measurements. Primary review of medical records, which are still overwhelmingly paper-based records, is often the only way to collect data with the level of clinical detail needed to assess care. This is extraordinarily labor intensive. Data gaps represent an area of major concern to multiple stakeholders and encompass a diverse array of data elements. Some data elements necessary to assess and improve quality of care are simply not available to those responsible for quality measurement and improvement activities both within and outside payer and/or care delivery organizations5. These data gaps are attributed to a number of different factors, including the burden of data collection; technology barriers to data collection; legal and/or technical barriers to sharing data among multiple clinicians or organizations involved in delivering or managing the care of a patient; and differing priorities among suppliers and users of the data5. Another challenge to quality measurement is to ensure the accuracy of data used to provide information about quality. Inaccurate data may result from several sources including: random or inadvertent errors by data collectors, missing data, inconsistent use of definitions and criteria for inclusion, inappropriate aggregation of data, and systematic miscoding6. Improving Quality and patient safety Surgical care and its attendant complications represent a substantial burden of disease worthy of attention. Surgical complications are a considerable  cause of death and disability around the world7. Data suggest that at least half of all surgical complications are avoidable8. Previous efforts to implement practices designed to reduce surgical-site infections or anesthesia-related mishaps have been shown to reduce complications significantly8. A growing body of evidence also links teamwork in surgery to improved outcomes, with high-functioning teams achieving significantly reduced rates of adverse events8. Implementing the 19-item WHO safe-surgery checklist can significantly reduce surgical complications and morbidity. The checklist consists of an oral confirmation by surgical teams of the completion of the basic steps for ensuring safe delivery of anesthesia, prophylaxis against infection, effective teamwork, and other essential practices in surgery8. Information technology had consistently been identified as an important approach for health quality improvement. Computerized physician order entry (CPOE) can improve medication safety, reduce adverse drug reactions, reduce unnecessary variation in care, and improving efficiency of care9. Widespread use of Electronic health records can transform health care. Benefits of E.H.R are: accurate, up-to date, and complete information about patients, quick access to patient records for more coordinated and efficient care, more effective diagnosis, reduction in medical errors, and secure sharing of information10. One of the studies on EHR, Beacon implementation, done at Mount Sinai hospital in New York was successful. Dr. Adelson Said â€Å"The major takeaway from our Beacon implementation is the opportunity to continuously improve and update treatment plans based on published research and guidelines for all practitioners to follow. Ultimately, it allows us to provide higher quality, more comprehensive care to individuals by identifying the most appropriate treatment course while minimizing side effects.† 11 Conclusion: Quality of care has become an important issue with rising health care costs over past decade. Checklist method of WHO can reduce surgical complications and morbidity and help improving quality care. Effective use of COPE and EHR can overcome challenges in measurement of quality of care. Although costs of  CPOE and EHR are substantial in terms of technology, organizational process analysis, and system implementation, they can yield many significant benefits and provide important platform for future changes in healthcare quality and patient safety. Citations: 1) Landrigan, Temporal Trends in Rates of Patient Harm Resulting from Medical Care, the new England journal of medicine. 2) Kohn LT, Corrigan JM, Donaldson MS, eds. To err is human: building a safer Health system. Washington, DC: National Academies Press, 1999. 3)http://www.ahrq.gov/qual/nhqr08/Chap6.htm 4) http://www.ahrq.gov/qual/nhqr11/nhqr11.pdf 5) http://www.ncvhs.hhs.gov/040531rp.pdf 6) http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=6418&page=19 7) Debas HT, Gosselin R, McCord C, Thind A. Surgery. In: Jamison DT, Breman JG, Measham AR, et al., eds. Disease control priorities in developing countries. 2nd ed. Disease Control Priorities Project. Washington, DC: International Bank for Reconstruction and Development/World Bank, 2006:1245-60. 8) http://www.nejm.org/doi/full/10.1056/NEJMsa0810119#t=article 9) http://www.leapfroggroup.org/media/file/Leapfrog-AHA_FAH_CPOE_Report.pdf 10) http://www.healthit.gov/providers-professionals/faqs/what-are-advantages-electronic-health-records 11) http://www.equities.com/news/headline-story?dt=2012-12-03&val=782522&cat=hcare